What are micronutrients?

Micronutrients are defined as essential vitamins and minerals that the body requires in small amounts for various physiological functions and overall health. These substances play crucial roles in processes such as immune function, bone health, and energy production. Unlike macronutrients, which include fats, carbohydrates, and proteins that are needed in larger quantities, micronutrients are vital to the body's functioning despite their smaller required quantities.

Vitamins, for instance, are organic compounds necessary for various reactions within the body, while minerals, which are inorganic elements, contribute to structural and functional roles—such as calcium in bone health and iron in oxygen transport. This combination of vitamins and minerals supports metabolic pathways and can help prevent deficiencies that might lead to health issues.

In contrast, other choices involve macronutrients or metabolic substances that do not fall under the category of micronutrients. Fats, sugars, carbohydrates, and proteins are needed in larger amounts and serve primarily as energy sources or structural components rather than as micronutrients essential for regulatory and protective functions in the body. Enzymes and hormones, while critical for metabolic regulation, do not classify as micronutrients but rather serve distinct roles within metabolic pathways themselves.