Define the term "caloric surplus."

The term "caloric surplus" refers specifically to the condition in which an individual consumes more calories than their body expends through daily activities and metabolic processes. This excess of calories can lead to weight gain, as the body stores unutilized energy in the form of fat.

In the context of nutrition and energy balance, when one is in a caloric surplus, it indicates that their total caloric intake exceeds their energy output, which may happen during phases of growth, muscle-building, or during specific dietary regimens aimed at gaining weight. This concept is crucial for understanding weight management and body composition changes, as it establishes a foundational relationship between energy intake and expenditure.