A deficiency of which vitamin can cause megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects?

A deficiency of folate, also known as vitamin B9, can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects. Folate is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly in rapidly dividing cells such as those in the bone marrow that produce blood cells. Inadequate folate levels result in the production of large, abnormal red blood cells, which is characteristic of megaloblastic anemia.

Furthermore, during pregnancy, sufficient folate is critical for proper neural tube development in the fetus. Deficiency in this vitamin during early gestation increases the risk of neural tube defects, which are serious birth defects affecting the brain and spinal cord.

While vitamin B12 is also involved in preventing megaloblastic anemia, its deficiency primarily affects neurological health rather than directly causing neural tube defects. Vitamins C and D do not play significant roles in either megaloblastic anemia or neural tube formation. This highlights the specific and crucial function of folate in these health issues.