A deficiency of Vitamin C leads to which condition, commonly prevented by citrus fruit consumption?

Vitamin C deficiency leads to the condition known as scurvy, which is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, and skin issues, including the characteristic bleeding gums and problems with wound healing. This condition arises because Vitamin C is crucial for the synthesis of collagen, an essential protein for maintaining the structural integrity of connective tissues, skin, and blood vessels.

Citrus fruits, such as oranges and lemons, are particularly high in Vitamin C, making their consumption a well-known preventive measure against scurvy. In the past, sailors who lacked access to fresh fruits and vegetables during long voyages often developed scurvy, highlighting the importance of this vitamin.

In contrast, rickets is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin D, leading to bone weakness; pellagra is linked to a deficiency of niacin (Vitamin B3), resulting in symptoms like dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia; and beriberi is tied to a deficiency of thiamine (Vitamin B1), affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Each of these conditions is caused by deficiencies of different vitamins and is not preventable by the consumption of citrus fruits, which specifically provide Vitamin C.